中文题名 / Chinese title: 肉鳍鱼类在登陆前已演化出行走与跳跃步态的行为证据
英文题名 / English title: Behavioral evidence for the evolution of walking and bounding before terrestriality in sarcopterygian fishes.
作者 / Authors: King HM, Shubin NH, Coates MI, Hale ME.
期刊 / Journal: PNAS
年份 / Year: 2011
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118669109
论文链接 / Article: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118669109
摘要来源 / Abstract source: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/22160688

英文摘要原文 / Original English abstract
Tetrapods evolved from sarcopterygian fishes in the Devonian and were the first vertebrates to colonize land. The locomotor component of this transition can be divided into four major events: terrestriality, the origins of digited limbs, solid substrate-based locomotion, and alternating gaits that use pelvic appendages as major propulsors. As the sister group to tetrapods, lungfish are a morphologically and phylogenetically relevant sarcopterygian taxon for understanding the order in which these events occurred. We found that a species of African lungfish (Protopterus annectens) uses a range of pelvic fin-driven, tetrapod-like gaits, including walking and bounding, in an aquatic environment, despite having a derived limb endoskeleton and primitively small, muscularly supported pelvis. Surprisingly, given these morphological traits, P. annectens also lifts its body clear of the substrate using its pelvic fins, an ability thought to be a tetrapod innovation. Our findings suggest that some fundamental features of tetrapod locomotion, including pelvic limb gait patterns and substrate association, probably arose in sarcopterygians before the origin of digited limbs or terrestriality. It follows that the attribution of some of the nondigited Devonian fossil trackways to limbed tetrapods may need to be revisited.

摘要依据的主要发现 / Findings based on the abstract
非洲肺鱼 Protopterus annectens 能在水下借腹鳍进行交替行走及跳跃式运动，即使腰带较小且由肌肉支撑，也能将身体抬离底质。
African lungfish Protopterus annectens uses its pelvic fins for alternating walking and bounding underwater and can lift its body clear of the substrate despite a small muscularly supported pelvis.

摘要依据的结论 / Conclusions based on the abstract
部分四足动物式运动行为可能早于指趾和陆地生活出现，因此解释某些泥盆纪足迹时需保持谨慎。
Some tetrapod-like locomotor behaviors could evolve before digits and terrestrial life; certain Devonian trackway interpretations therefore require caution.

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