Source / 来源: 讲解手册/珍奇柜-面孔展签三审反_0923.pdf
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Source transcription; wording is retained as supplied. OCR may contain recognition errors; consult the PDF/image.
来源转录；保留原展签措辞。OCR可能包含识别误差，请核对PDF或图像。

初始全颌鱼
最早的“人脸古鱼”
初始全颌鱼生活于约4.25亿年前的志留
纪晚期，化石发现于云南曲靖关底组，估
计全长超过20厘米。它的头部和躯干前
部覆盖着坚硬的骨甲，整体形态具有典
型盾皮鱼类特征；但其口缘却具有前上
颌骨、上颌骨和齿骨等边缘颌骨，与硬骨
鱼类及四足动物的颌部骨片排列相似。
这一独特的特征组合表明，现代有颌脊
椎动物面部骨骼的基本构型，在有颌类
演化早期已经出现。初始全颌鱼的发现
改变了人们对盾皮鱼类、软骨鱼类和硬
骨鱼类早期演化关系的认识，为研究现
代有颌脊椎动物颌与面部骨骼的起源提
供了关键证据。
Entelognathus primordialis
The Earliest “Human-Faced Fish” 
Entelognathus primordialis is a placoderm popularly known 
as the “human-faced fish.” Its fossils were discovered in Late 
Silurian rocks of Qujing, Yunnan, dating to about 425 million 
years ago. It is about 20 cm long, with a short, stout body 
and a large mouth capable of swallowing smaller animals. 
Like most placoderms, the front half of its body was covered 
with dermal bone. Its jaws, however, resemble those of more 
derived bony fishes, bearing osteichthyan-like dermal 
marginal jaw bones, including the premaxilla, maxilla, and 
dentary. Entelognathus primordialis documents a key 
transitional morphology between placoderms and bony 
fishes and fills an important gap in the early evolution of 
jawed vertebrates.